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JohnHenry Twachtman

John Henry Twachtman was an American painter best known for his impressionist landscapes, though his painting style varied widely through his career. Art historians consider Twachtman's style of American Impressionism to be among the more personal and experimental of his generation. He was a member of "The Ten", a loosely allied group of American artists dissatisfied with professional art organizations, who banded together in 1898 to exhibit their works as a stylistically unified group.
Twachtman was born in Cincinnati, Ohio and received his first art training there under Frank Duveneck. Like most artists of the era, Twachtman then proceeded to Europe to further his education. He studied at the Academy of Fine Arts in Munich from 1875 to 1877, and visited Venice with Duveneck and William Merritt Chase. His landscapes from this time exhibit the loosely brushed, shadowy technique taught at Munich. Twachtman also learned etching, and sometimes carried etching plates with him that he could use to spontaneously record a scene.
After a brief return to America, Twachtman studied from 1883 to 1885 at the Académie Julian in Paris, and his paintings dramatically shifted towards a soft, gray and green tonalist style. During this time he painted what some art historians consider to be his greatest masterpieces, including Arques-la-Bataille, in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York, and Springtime, in the collection of the Cincinnati Art Museum.
Landscape, Branchville, c. 1888, 152.4 × 203.2 cm.
Wild Cherry Tree, oil on canvas, c. 1901. Albright-Knox Art Gallery
Fishing Boats at Gloucester, 1901. Smithsonian Museum of American Art
In 1886, he returned to America and settled in Connecticut, eventually buying a farm in Greenwich. He often painted and exhibited with fellow artist Julian Alden Weir, and spent considerable time at the art colony in Cos Cob. His presence was vital to the colony:
"Twachtman's temperament--by turns gregarious and introspective, restless and serene--was a major factor in preventing the Cos Cob art colony from becoming a backwater of nostalgic complacency. Ironically, his lack of commercial success contributed to his artistic independence, freeing him from the temptation of producing salable pictures according to a proven formula. His art, conversation, and teaching fueled the creative fires of his friends and students in Cos Cob."
In addition to his oil paintings, Twachtman continued to create etchings as well as drawings in pastel. Twachtman taught painting at the Art Students League from 1889 until his death in 1902. Twachtman was close friends with Julian Alden Weir and the two often painted together and both also had close associations with the Danish-born painter Emil Carlsen. In 1893, Twachtman received a silver medal in painting at the Columbian Exposition; the same year, he also exhibited his work with Claude Monet at a New York gallery.
In Connecticut his painting style shifted again, this time to a highly personal impressionist technique. Twachtman painted many landscapes of his farm and garden in Greenwich, often depicting the snow-covered landscape. He executed dozens of paintings of a small waterfall on his property, capturing the scene in different seasons and times of day. Late in life Twachtman visited Gloucester, Massachusetts, another center of artistic activity in the late 19th century, and produced a series of vibrant scenes that anticipated a more modernist style yet to gain prominence in American art.
Twachtman died suddenly in Gloucester of a brain aneurysm, aged 49. Today, his works are in many museum collections including the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York; the National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.; and the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. Among his pupils was the painter and pastellist Annie E. A. Walker;. he was also a major influence on painter Louise Zaring, who had worked with him in Indiana early in her career. The painter Ernest Lawson studied with Twachtman at the Art Students League in New York and at the Cos Cob, Connecticut, art colony.

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The Cascade

Wild Cherry Tree

Waterfall

A Garden Path

The Old Mill at Cos Cob

Summer Landscape

Sailing in the Mist

Spring Landscape

Country House in Winter

My House

Path in the Hills, Branchville, Connecticut

Artist's Home in Autumn, Greenwich, Connecticut

Flower Still Life

Irises

Road Scene, Cincinnati

Spring Stream

The Christmas Tree

Waterfall, Greenwich

View along a River

Canyon in the Yellowstone

Niagara in Winter

Trees in a Nursery

Windmills

Beach at Squam

Farm Scene

The Ledges

Winter Landscape

Mouth of the Seine

Niagara Falls

Canal, Venice

Sea Scene

Morning Glory Pool, Yellowstone

Cascades Waterfall

Cos Cob

Falls in January

The White Bridge

Landscape

View from the Holley House, Cos Cob, Connecticut

Oyster Boats, North River

The Winding Brook

Flowers

Harbor Scene

Landscape

The Little Bridge

Fish Sheds and Schooner, Gloucester

Connecticut Landscape

Barnyard

Mother and Child

Fishing Boats at Gloucester

From the Upper Terrace

Spring Landscape

Boat Landing

Figure in a Landscape

Enchanted Pool

The White Bridge

Yellowstone Park

Flower Garden

Wildflowers

Spring

Twachtman's House

The Torrent

Sailing in the Mist

Tiger Lilies

Hayrick

Balcony in Winter

In the Greenhouse

Tuckerman's Ravine

Under the Wharves

The Waterfall

An Early Winter

Snow Scene at Utica

The Inlet

View from the Holley House

Hemlock Pool (also known as Autumn)

View of Venice

Gloucester Harbor 2

Campo Santa Marta

Emerald Pool 2

Snow Scene

Snowbound

A Venetian Scene

Fog and Small Sailboats

Winter Landscape with Barn

Azaleas

Connecticut Landscape

May Morn

Venice

Old Holley House, Cos Cob

In the Sunlight

French River Scene

House in Snow

View near Polling

Waterfall in Yellowstone

Tree by a Road

Niagara Gorge

Winter

Fountain, World's Fair

Snow Scene

Landscape

Harbor Scene

Flowers

The Portico

Waterfall, Yellowstone

View from the Holley House

October

Pasture with Barns, Cos Cob

My Summer Studio

New York Harbor

The Campanile, Late Afternoon

Waterfall

Hemlock Pool

Waterfront Scene Gloucester

Road over the Hill

Gloucester Harbor

Winter Scene

Dock at Newport

Edge of the Emerald Pool, Yellowstone

The Pool (also known as Pool)

Bark and Schooner (also known as An Italian Barque)

Windmill in the Dutch Countryside

Emerald Pool

Winter Landscape

Gloucester, Fishermen's Houses

Pasture with Barns, Cos Cob

The Rapids, Yellowstone

Aboard a Steamer

Boat at Bulkhead

Gloucester Schooner

The Boat Yard

Sailing Boats, Dieppe Harbor

The Flower Garden

Gray Day

Afternoon Shadows

Moonlight, Flanders

Niagara Falls

The Hidden Pool

Arques Battle

Harbor View Hotel

Branchville Fields

In the Garden

Summer

The Cabbage Patch

Bridgeport

Tiger Lilies

Boats at Anchor

Landscape With Houses and Stream

The Quai, Venice

Winter in Cincinnati

On the Terrace

Winter Silence

Newport Harbor

The Waterfall

The Rainbow`s Source

San Trovaso Square, Venice

Venetian Sailing Vessel

Ship and Dock, Venice

Summer Afternoon

House on a Canal, Venice

Landscape

Gloucester Harbor

Etang (also known as The Pond)

Connecticut Shore, Winter

Middlebrook Farm

Reflections

Icebound

Branchville

The End of the Rain

Upland Pastures

Winter Landscape

Gloucester

Connecticut Shore, Winter

Winter

Winter Harmony

Fish Sheds, Gloucester, Massachusetts

The Grand Canal, Venice

The Summer House

Landscape

Avondale Ohio

Dutch Landscape

Weeds and Flowers

Artist's Home Seen from the Back

Connecticut Landscape

Meadow Flowers (also known as Golden Rod and Wild Asters)

Little Giant

Greenwich Garden

View from the Holley House, Winter

Court of Honor, World's Columbian Exposiition

November Haze (aka Upland Pastures)

Tulip Tree, Greenwich

The Rapids, Yellowstone

Waterside Scene

Wild Flowers

Mother and Child

Scene along a Dutch River

The White Bridge

Evening

End of the Pier, New York Harbor

Niagara Falls

Frozen Brook

Tuscan Landscape

Cincinnati Landscape

Winter, Mill Creek Valley, Cincinnati

Country Path

Autumn-Mists

Winter

Gloucester Boats

Winter Landscape, Cincinnati

Twachtman's Home, Avondale, Ohio

Flowers

Tiger Lilies

Yellowstone Park

Brook among the Trees

Horseneck Falls, Greenwich, Connecticut

Flowers

Horseneck Falls

Holland (also known as Windmill in the Dutch Countryside)

Winter Landscape

Near Paris

Bridge in Winter

The Cascade in Spring

Miami Canal, Cincinnati

Spring Landscape (also known as Spring in Marin County)

Back of Coney Island

Niagara Gorge

Landscape

Road to Round Hill

Haystacksat Edge of Woods

Study of a Head

Paradise Rocks, Newport

Winter

Landscape

Venice

Dark Trees, Cincinnati

Flowers

A Summer Day

Summer Late

Harbor View

Spring Morning

L'Etang

Landscape, Tuscany

Dredging in the East River

Landscape Study

Coney Island From Brighton Pier

Coastal View

The Chicago World's Fair, Illinois Building

Winter Scene

Study of a Landscape

Three Trees

Tiger Lilies

Brook in Winter

Greenwich Hills in Winter

The Shore

Landscape

Canal Scene, Holland

Woodland Stream

Horseneck Falls

Windmills, Dordrecht

New York Harbor

Springtime

Trees Across the River

Last Touch of Sun

Spring Landscape

Road Scene

Round Hill Road

Niagara

Along the River, Winter

Woodland Stream in a Winter Landscape

Bloody Run

Landscape 3

Wildflowers 1

Boats At Anchor 1

Landscape 1

The White Bridge 1

Beneath the Snow

Summer 1

Abandoned Mill, Branchville, Connecticut

On the Terrace

The Brook, Greenwich, Connecticut (Aka Horseneck Falls, Greenwich, Connecticut)

Snow Scene 1

Winter 1

English Winter Landscape Français Paysage d'hiver

Hemlock Pool

The Brook, Greenwich, Connecticut

Fishing Boats at Gloucester

House and Tree

The Torrent

Hollyhocks

Figure in Sunlight (Artist's Wife)

The Inlet 1

Boats At Dieppe

Misty May Morn

Hollyhocks 1

The Artist's House Through The Trees (Aka Autumn Afternoon)

Chestnuts

Summer Afternoon (Figures on a Bridge)

River in Winter

House in Landscape

Storm Clouds

Spring 1

Round Hill Road

Snow

BOATS

Niagara Falls 1

Pastures, Greenwich, Connecticut

Morning Glory Pool, (painting)

Mill and Weeds, Holland

Martin House, (painting)

Figure in Sunlight (Artist's Wife)

Near Cincinnati, Ohio

Spring Landscape, (painting)

Willow

Arques la Bataille

The Damnation of Theron Ware or Illumination

The Pool

Deserted Wharf (The Old Mill At Cos Cob)

Woman On Quay, Honfleur

Round Hill Road

Old Mill, Branchville, Connecticut

Tobacco Patch

Chestnuts

Coast and Mist, (painting)

Sketch of a A Canal

A mountain gourge

Low Tide - a Stranded Vessel

Evening, Dordrecht

The Holland Dyke

Dordrecht

Sailing in the Mist 1

Going Home

French Landscape

Cypress Trees, (painting)

Lilacs in Winter, (painting)

Niagara Falls

Winter Landscape 2

End of Winter

Road near Honfleur

Wind Mills, (painting)

Branchville, Connecticut

Ploughing

Japanese Winter Landscape, (painting)

In France, (painting)